Letter to Editor Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in situ overlying leiomyoma: a case report with review of the literature

Mesenchymal tumor of the esophagus is rare, and the most common mesenchymal tumor of the esophagus is leiomyoma [1-3]. The incidence of esophageal leiomyoma from autopsy cases ranges from 0.005 to 5% [2, 3]. Although detailed histopathological examination of autopsy and surgically resected case series demonstrated that its incidence is higher at 7.9% [1]. This disease is typically found in patients between 20 and 50 years of age, and more often in men by ratio of 2:1 [1]. Esophageal leiomyoma represents 10% of all gastrointestinal leiomyomas [4]. Moreover, it usually appears as a solitary tumor (97%) [5], and multiple leiomyomas of the esophagus have been extremely rarely documented [4-6]. Albeit extremely rare, coexistence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus overlying benign mesenchymal tumor has been reported [5]. Herein, we describe the fifth documented case of SCC in situ (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) of the esophagus overlying leiomyoma with review of the literature.